References
Videos for further learning
History of IBM from Punched Cards to Mainframe Computers
Data Processing before Computers: Typical operations with a sorting machine
A historical animation, from IBM, that explains data processing with punched cards in a remarkable and didactic way.
Hollerith´s Tabulating Machine and Punched Cards
https://mathshistory.st-andrews.ac.uk/Biographies/Hollerith/
https://www.census.gov/history/www/innovations/technology/the_hollerith_tabulator.html
Baehne, George W. (IBM), Practical Applications of the Punched Card Method in Colleges and Universities, Columbia University Press (1935).
http://www.righto.com/2017/04/1950s-tax-preparation-plugboard.html
A detailed example of plugboard programming to punched card processing
Use of Punched Cards by the Military and Nazis
IBM Punch Card Systems in the U.S. Army
https://www.mbiconcepts.com/the-story-of-world-war-ii-and-machine-records-units-mrus.html
The Machine Records Unit, a mobile data processing system
Monitoring People: Dynamics and Hazards of Record Management in France, 1935-1944 Lars Heide
IBM and the Holocaust: The Strategic Alliance Between Nazi Germany and America’s Most Powerful Corporation-Expanded Edition