References
Videos for further learning
The French Revolution in 5 minutes and 33 seconds
Louisiana Purchase
A great event, little known, but very important: The Haitian Revolution.
Claude Chappe´s Optical Telegraph
The first cyberattack occurred in 1834
Napoleon’s Trial by the History
The French Revolution
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Declaration_of_the_Rights_of_Man_and_of_the_Citizen
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reign_of_Terror
The Reign of Terror, commonly The Terror (French: la Terreur), was a period of the French Revolution when a series of massacres and numerous public executions took place in response to revolutionary fervor, anticlerical sentiment, and accusations of treason by the Committee of Public Safety.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coup_of_18_Brumaire
The Coup of 18 Brumaire brought General Napoleon Bonaparte to power as First Consul of France.
The Louisiana Purchase and The Haitian Revolution
The Louisiana Purchase extended United States sovereignty across the Mississippi River, nearly doubling the nominal size of the country.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haitian_Revolution
The Haitian Revolution was a successful insurrection by self-liberated slaves against French colonial rule in Saint-Domingue, now the sovereign state of Haiti.
The United States and the Haitian Revolution.
The Optical Telegraph
How Napoleon’s semaphore telegraph changed the world
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optical_telegraph
An optical telegraph is a semaphore system using a line of stations, typically towers, for the purpose of conveying textual information by means of visual signals.
https://www.schneier.com/blog/archives/2018/05/1834_the_first_.html
1834: The First Cyberattack
https://www.amusingplanet.com/2019/03/the-worlds-first-cyber-attack-happened.html
The World’s First Cyber Attack Happened Nearly Two Hundred Years Ago.
https://shannonselin.com/2020/05/chappe-semaphore-telegraph/
Napoleonic Telecommunications: The Chappe Semaphore Telegraph
Napoleon Bonaparte
Napoleon: A Life. New York: Viking Press. 2014. ISBN 9780670025329. UK edition: Napoleon the Great. London: Allen Lane. Penguin Books. 2014. ISBN 9781846140273.
The command and control of the Grand Armee Napoleon as organizational designer
George Scovell
https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/spies/ciphers/scovell/default.htm
George Scovell was chief codebreaker for the Duke of Wellington. During the Peninsular War of 1808-1814 he developed a system of military communications and intelligence gathering for the British that intercepted French letters and dispatches to and from the battlefield, and cracked their codes.
https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/spies/ciphers/scovell/sc1.htm
The Great Paris Cipher